Systematic description, biostratigraphic significance, and paleoecology of pteropods in the Khangiran Formation type section
Subject Areas : stratigraphyMir Amir Salahi 1 * , Abbas Ghaderi 2
1 -
2 - Ferdowsi university of Mashhad
Keywords: Eocene, pteropod, Khangiran Formation, Kopet-Dagh,
Abstract :
This study focuses on Eocene pteropods from the Kopet-Dagh sedimentary basin. Two genera and five species, including Heliconoides bartonensis (Curry 1965), Heliconoides mercinensis (Watelet and Lefèvre 1885), Heliconoides daguini (Cahuzac and Janssen 2010), Limacina cf. aegis and Limacina dzheroiensis (Janssen, King and Steurbaut, 2011), have been reported from the type section of the Khangiran Formation near Yaghol village in Dargaz, Khorasan Razavi province. The pteropod assemblage corresponds to the Early-Middle Eocene boundary. The presence of these assemblages indicates that the Khangiran Formation sedimentary succession was deposited in warm waters, above the aragonite saturation horizon, and within the outer neritic to continental slope paleobathymetric range. This study focuses on Eocene pteropods from the Kopet-Dagh sedimentary basin. Two genera and five species, including Heliconoides bartonensis (Curry 1965), Heliconoides mercinensis (Watelet and Lefèvre 1885), Heliconoides daguini (Cahuzac and Janssen 2010), Limacina cf. aegis and Limacina dzheroiensis (Janssen, King and Steurbaut, 2011), have been reported from the type section of the Khangiran Formation near Yaghol village in Dargaz, Khorasan Razavi province. The pteropod assemblage corresponds to the Early-Middle Eocene boundary. The presence of these assemblages indicates that the Khangiran Formation sedimentary succession was deposited in warm waters, above the aragonite saturation horizon, and within the outer neritic to continental slope paleobathymetric range.
حسین زاده فیروزیان، م.، 1390، زیست چینه نگاری سازند خانگیران در برش الگو، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.
خادم، م. ج.، 1377، بایواستراتیگرافی سازند خانگیران بر مبنای نانوپلانکتن های آهکی، غرب دشت سرخس (شرق روستای کاریزک). پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، 196صفحه.
سنماری، س.، 1377، بایواستراتیگرافی سازند خانگیران بر مبنای نانوپلانکتن های آهکی (شرق ناودیس چهلکمان). پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، 127صفحه.
صلاحی، م. ا.، 1390، زیست چینه نگاری سازند خانگیران در دشت سرخس، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
صلاحی، م.ا.، و وحیدي نیا، م.، 1392، زیست چینه نگاري بخش پایینی سازند خانگیران بر مبناي فرامینیفرهاي پلانکتونیک در برش ناودیس چهلکمان، خاور حوضه رسوبی کپهداغ، فصلنامه پژوهش هاي چینه نگاري و رسوب شناسی 29 (2): 87- 106.
صلاحی، م.ا.، قادری، ع.، عاشوری، ع.ر.، و ثیاب قدسی. ع.ا. 1399، انطباق چینه شناسی نهشته های پالئوژن حوضه رسوبی کپه داغ آسیای میانه بر مبنای شواهد سنگ شناسی و فونای اویستری. علوم زمین، 116، 295- 306.
مافي، آ .، 1380، تعيين سن قاعدة سازند خانگيران براساس نانوپلانكتونهاي آهكي در ناوديس چهل كمان (شرق كپه داغ). بیستمین گردهمایی علوم زمین.
مشیرفر، ی.، 1391، پالئواکولوژی، پالینوفاسیس و چینه¬نگاری سکانسی سازند خانگیران در شرق کپه¬داغ (برش ناودیس چهل¬کمان)، پایانامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.
وحدتی راد، م.، وحیدی نیا، م.، و صادقی، ع.، 1392، نخستین گزارش پتروپودهاي خانواده Limacinidae از سازند خانگیران و اهمیت عمق سنجی دیرینه آنها در مقایسه با روزنداران. رخساره های رسوبی، 6: 115-122.
وحدتی راد، م.، 1394، مطالعه زیست¬چینه¬نگاری سازند خانگیران در نواحی سرخس و درگز، رساله دکتری، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.
ALMOGI-LABIN, A., 1982, Stratigraphic and paleoceanographic significance of Late Quaternary pteropods from deep-sea cores in the Gulf of Aqaba (Elat) and northernmost Red Sea: Marine Micropaleontology, 7, 53-72.
ANDO, Y., UJIHARA, A. and ICHIHARA, T., 2009, First occurrence of Paleogene pteropods (Gastropoda; Thecosomata) from Japan: Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, 115, 187-190.
BÉ, A.W.H., and GILMER, R.W., 1977, A zoogeographic and taxonomic review of Euthecosomatous Pteropoda. In: Ramsey, A.T.S. (ed.): Oceanic Micropaleontology, Academic Press, London, 1, 733-808.
BEDNARŠEK, N. and OHMAN, M.D., 2015, Changes in pteropod distributions and shell dissolution across a frontal system in the California Current System. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 523, 93-103.
BENIAMOVSKY, V.N., ALEKSEEV, A.S., OVECHKINA, M.N., and OBERHÄNSLI, H., 2003, Middle to upper Eocene dysoxic-anoxic Kuma Formation (northeastern Peri-Tethys): biostratigraphy and paleoenvironments, in Causes and Consequences of Globally Warm Climates in the Early Paleogene, Wing, S.L., Gingerich, P.D., Schmitz, B., and Thomas, E., Eds., Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap. 369, 95–112.
BERGER, W.H., 1977, Deep-sea carbonate and deglaciation preservation spike in pteropods and foraminifera: Nature, 269, 301-304.
BERGER, W.H., 1978. Deep-sea carbonate: Pteropod distribution and the aragonite compensation depth: Deep Sea Research, Part A, 25, 447-452.
BERGGREN, W.A. and AUBERT, J., 1975, Paleocene benthonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy, paleobiogeography and paleoecology of Atlantic-Tethyan regions: Midway-type fauna, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 18, 73–192.
BIEKART, J.W., 1989, Euthecosomatous pteropods as paleohydrological and paleoecological indicators in a Tyrrhenian deep-sea core. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 71, 205-224.
BUGROVA, E.M., BENIAMOVSKY, V.N., TABACHNIKOVA, I.P., RYABOKON’, T.S., and RADIONOVA, E.P., 2016, The Kantemirovka Paleogene reference section of the Voronezh Region: Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation, 24, 602–624.
CAHUZAC, B. and JANSSEN, A., 2010, Eocene to Miocene holoplanktonic Mollusca (Gastropoda) of the Aquitaine Basin, southwest France: Scripta geologica, 141, 1-193.
CURRY, D., 1965, The English Palaeogene pteropods. Proc. Malacol. Soc. London, 36, 357-371.
ERNST, S.R., GUASTI, E., DUPUIS, C., and SPEIJER, R.P., 2006, Environmental perturbation in the southern Tethys across the Paleocene/Eocene boundary (Dababiya, Egypt): Foraminiferal and clay mineral records, Marine Micropaleontology, 60, 89–111.
GOEDERT, J.L., PECKMANN, J., BENHAM, S.R. and JANSSEN, A.W., 2013, First record of the Eocene pteropod Heliconoides nitens (Gastropoda: Thecosomata: Limacinidae) from the Pacific Basin: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 126, 72-82.
GÜRS, K. and JANSSEN, A.W., 2004, Sea-level related molluscan plankton events (Gastropoda, Euthecosomata) during the Rupelian (Early Oligocene) of the North Sea Basin: Netherlands Journal of Geosciences, 83, 199-208.
HERMAN, Y., 1978, Pteropods. An Introduction to Marine Micropaleontology. In: Haq, B.U., & Boersma, A., (eds), Elsevier–North Holland, NY. 151-159.
HODGKINSON, K.A., GARVIE, C.L. & BÉ, A.W.H., 1992, Eocene euthecosomatous Pteropoda (Gastropoda) of the Gulf and eastern coasts of North America: Bulletin American Paleontology, 103, 5-62.
JANSSEN, A.W. & KING, C., 1988, Planktonic molluscs (pteropods): Geologisches Jahrbuch (A), 100, 356- 368.
JANSSEN, A. W., 1989. Some new pteropod species from the North Sea Basin Cainozoic (Mollusca: Gastropoda, Euthecosomata). Mededelingen van de Werkgroep voor Tertiaire en Kwartaire Geologie 26, 91-133.
JANSSEN, A. W. 1990, Long distance correlation of Cainozoic deposits by means of planktonic gastropods (‘‘pteropods’’); some examples of future possibilities: Tertiary Research, 11, 65-72.
JANSSEN, A. W., 2000, Cavolinia grandis (Bellardi, 1873) from the early Pliocene of New Zealand, a further example of long-distance correlation by means of pteropods. Pp. 45-47 in Notes on the systematics, morphology and biostratigraphy of fossil holoplanktonic Mollusca, 7-9: Basteria, 64, 35-50.
JANSSEN, A.W., KING, C. and STEURBAUT, E., 2011, Notes on the systematics, morphology and biostratigraphy of fossil holoplanktonic Mollusca, 21. Early and Middle Eocene (Ypresian–Lutetian) holoplanktonic Mollusca (Gastropoda) from Uzbekistan: Basteria, 75, 71-93.
JANSSEN, A. W., 2012, Early Pliocene heteropods and pteropods (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from Le Puget-sur-Argens (Var), France: Cainozoic Research, 9,145–187.
JANSSEN, A.W., and PEIJNENBURG, K.T., 2014, Holoplanktonic Mollusca: development in the Mediterranean basin during the last 30 million years and their future. The Mediterranean sea: its history and present challenges, pp.341-362.
JANSSEN, A.W., CENTER, N.B., SESSA, J.A., and THOMAS, E., 2016, Pteropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Thecosomata) from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (United States Atlantic Coastal Plain).
JAMES, N.P. and BONE, Y., 2011, Neritic Depositional Environments. Neritic Carbonate Sediments in a Temperate Realm: Southern Australia, pp.109-127.
KING, C., IAKOVLEVA, A.I., STEURBAUT, E., HEILMANN-CLAUSEN, C., and WARD, D.J., 2013, The Aktulagay section, west Kazakhstan: a key site for Early Eocene northern mid-latitude stratigraphy: Stratigraphy, 10, 171-209.
KOUWENHOVEN, T.J., SPEIJER, R.P., VAN OOSTERHOUT, C.W.M., and VAN DER ZWAAN, G.J., 1997, Benthic foraminiferal assemblages between two major extinction events: the Paleocene El Kef section, Tunisia: Marine Micropaleontology, 29, 105–127.
LI, X.F., LI, G.B., GARVIE, C.L., WANG, T.Y. and ZHAO, J., 2020, First report of the early Eocene pteropods from the Zhepure Formation in Yadong, southern Tibet, China: Journal of Paleontology, 94, 819-828.
MANNO, C., BEDNARŠEK, N., TARLING, G.A., PECK, V.L., COMEAU, S., ADHIKARI, D., BAKKER, D.C., BAUERFEIND, E., BERGAN, A.J., BERNING, M.I. and BUITENHUIS, E., 2017, Shelled pteropods in peril: assessing vulnerability in a high CO2 ocean: Earth-Science Reviews, 169, 132-145.
MORKHOVEN, V., 1986, Cenozoic cosmopolitan deep-water benthic foraminifera: Bullettin Centres Recherches Exploration-Prodroduction Elf-Aquitaine Mémoire, 11.
MOSHIRFAR, Y., MAHDAVI, M., GHASEMI-NEJAD, E., and ASHOURI, A., 2013, Eocene climatic events recorded in dinoflagellate cyst assemblages from the Kopeh-Dagh Basin, NE Iran; a statistical approach. Arab Journal of Geoscience, 1 -10.
PECK, V.L., TARLING, G.A., MANNO, C. and HARPER, E.M., 2016, Response to comment “Vulnerability of pteropod (Limacina helicina) to ocean acidification: Shell dissolution occurs despite an intact organic layer” by Bednarsek et al. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 127, 57-59.
PIERROT-BULTS A.C. and PEIJNENBURG K.T.C.A. 2015, Pteropods. Encyclopedia of marine geosciences, Springer Science+Business Media, 1-10, ISBN 978-94-007-6644-0.
PIRKENSEER, C.M., STEURBAUT, E., ABELS, H.A., KING, C. and SPEIJER, R.P., 2013, An expanded lower Eocene shelf sequence from the eastern Aquitaine Basin, SW France: biostratigraphy, biofacies, and stable carbon and oxygen isotopes: Newsletters on Stratigraphy, 46, 339-361.
SALAHI, A. and GHADERI, A., 2021, Paleogene Molluscan Communities in the Kopet-Dagh Basin, NE Iran: Paleontological Journal, 55,1141-1157.
SALAHI, A., 2021, Late paleocene-middle eocene planktonic and small benthic foraminiferal fauna from the type section of khangiran formation, Kopet-Dagh Basin (NE Iran), Southernmost Peri Tethys: Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation, 29, 303-321.
SPEIJER, R.P., SCHMITZ, B., AND VAN DER ZWAAN, G.J., 1997, Benthic foraminiferal extinction and repopulation in response to latest Paleocene Tethyan anoxia: Geology, 25, 683-686.
SIESSER, W.G., 1983, Paleogene calcareous nannoplankton biostratigraphy: Mississippi, Alabama, and Tennessee: AAPG Bulletin, 67,1471-1472.
STASSEN, P., DUPUIS, C., MORSI, A.M., STEURBAUT, E., and SPEIJER, R.P., 2009, Reconstruction of a latest Paleocene shallowmarine eutrophic paleoenvironment at Sidi Nasseur (Central Tunisia) based on foraminifera, ostracoda, calcareous nannofossils and stable isotopes (δ13C, δ18O): Geol. Acta, 7, 93-112.
TJALSMA, R.C. and LOHMANN, G.P., 1983, Paleocene-Eocene bathyal and abyssal benthic foraminifera from the Atlantic Ocean: Micropaleontology, 4, 1-90.
VAHDATIRAD, M., VAHIDINIA, M. and SADEGHI, A., 2016, Early Eocene planktonic and benthic foraminifera from the Khangiran formation (northeast of Iran). Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 9, 1-13.
ZORN, I., 1991b. A systematic account of Tertiary Pteropoda (Gastropoda, Euthecosomata) from Austria: Contr. Tert. Quatern. Geol., 28, 95-139.