Evaluation of Fractures and Asphaltene Formation Relation in Asmari Reservoir, Kupal Oil Field

perISPGمجله زمین شناسی نفت ایران 2251-87382251-87382025-031427118articleEvaluation of Fractures and Asphaltene Formation Relation in Asmari Reservoir, Kupal Oil FieldBahman Soleimanisoleimani_b@scu.ac.ir1َAghil HeidariHeidaraghil10@gmail.com2Shahram TaghavipourTaghavipour.s@nisoc.ir3Shahid Chamran university, AhvazSenior expert in the NISOC, Ahvaz, IranNISOCThe study of fractures plays an important role in understanding the behavior of the reservoir, and this role can be reduced by the process of asphaltene deposition. Its most important aspect is in the migration of reservoir petroleum fluids. In this article, an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of fractures on the formation of asphaltene in the Asmari reservoir of Kopal oil field located in North Dezful embeyment by using different Image logs, OBMI-UBI. According to the pattern of fractures related to folding, most of the fractures are of the type of oblique and longitudinal seams. The lower sandstone layer is characterized by the most fractures and mostly of the open type. Most of the open fractures were identified in the lower half of Asmari (consists of mudstone and sandstone). The examination of open fracture density shows that zones 2 and 3 have the highest and zone 4 has the lowest fracture density. According to the direction of collapse fractures caused by drilling, the direction of maximum horizontal stress (δHmax) is N55E and the direction of minimum horizontal stress (δHmin) is N35W. This direction corresponds to the general direction of Zagros. The data on mud loss showed that the maximum value corresponds to the location of the concentration of fractures. The results of the analysis of oil samples showed that the percentage of asphaltene in the Asmari reservoir is low and has no relation to the production time in different wells. The percentage of asphaltene varies from 0.6 to 2.75%. In general, primary asphaltene does not exist in oils. The increase in the percentage of fractures in the reservoir compared to the depth is also associated with the increase in the percentage of asphaltene produced. Key words: Image logs, Asmari reservoir, Kupal oil field, Fracture system, Asphaltenehttp://journal.ispg.ir/Article/44366Image logs Asmari reservoir Kupal oil field Fracture system Asphaltene perISPGمجله زمین شناسی نفت ایران 2251-87382251-87382025-0314271937articlePerformance of carbon dioxide injection in drained tanks using neural network algorithmspouya eshaghipouyaeshaghi@gmail.com1keivan shayestehk.shayesteh@uma.ac.ir2mohammad javad khanimjavadkhani73@gmail.com3-1Department of Chemical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical EngineeringInjecting carbon dioxide (CO₂) in oil reservoirs is an effective way to increase oil recovery and CO₂ storage. In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) was used to predict oil recovery and CO₂ storage capacity in depleted reservoirs (ROZ) with respect to geological and well operation uncertainties. Field data from the Smeaheia region, Norway, including 14 key features for optimizing CO₂ injection were identified. Two neural network models, MLP and RBF, were used in this research and their accuracy was evaluated as 91.36% and 94.63%, respectively. In order to optimize the features and reduce the dimensions of the data, the gray wolf algorithm was used, which led to the selection of 10 effective features. These properties included permeability, well pressure, pore volume, compressibility, and porosity-to-height ratio. The optimized models increased the prediction accuracy of CO₂ injection in the MLP model to 97.46% and in the RBF model to 98.97%. These results show that the combination of ANN and optimal feature selection can be a powerful tool for predicting and managing CO₂ injection in oil reservoirs.http://journal.ispg.ir/Article/48540carbon dioxide injection depleted reservoirs (ROZ) over-harvesting artificial neural network.perISPGمجله زمین شناسی نفت ایران 2251-87382251-87382025-0314273854articleGeochemistry of evaporites of Chehl unit of Gachsaran Formation (Early Miocene) in the east of Bandar Khamir, Bandar Lengeh embayment with a special view on paleoclimatePeyman RezaeiP.rezaee@hormozgan.ac.ir1Seyedeh Akram Jooybaris.akramjooybari@gmail.com2Faroogh AlianFarooq_alian@yahoo.com3PhD in Sedimentology and sedimentary petrology, University of HormozganPhD student in sedimentology and sedimentary petrology, University of HormozganEvaporitic formation of Gachsaran (Early Miocene) is known as the most important caprock of Middle East hydrocarbon reservoirs in Tertiary. This formation has good outcrops in the south of Bandar Lange embayment in the south-eastern folded Zagros, and in the east of Bandar Khamir, it includes three units: Chehl, Champeh and Mol. In this area, two sections of the 40th section of Gachasaran Formation, which includes evaporite deposits, were studied from a geochemical point of view, with an emphasis on paleoclimate and origin. For this purpose, 22 samples were taken from the vapors of both sections and subjected to XRF and ICP analysis. The results obtained from the main oxides show a negative correlation of Al2O3, K2O, Fe2O3 and a positive correlation of CaO with SO3, which indicates the prevailing conditions for are sulfate deposits and on the other hand, an increase in salinity in the basin. Investigations also show a negative correlation of secondary elements with SO3 oxide, which indicates the existence of 4 stages of drying and regression of the index in the period of settling of these evaporites. The outcrops of Hormoz series diapirs upstream and close to the studied area are proof of the impact of Hormoz series deposits on increasing the amount of secondary elements in the studied sequence.http://journal.ispg.ir/Article/48430Geochemistry Major and minor elements Evaporites Chehl unit Gachsaran formation Bandar khmir.perISPGمجله زمین شناسی نفت ایران 2251-87382251-87382025-0314275575articleMio-Pliocene strata in Qeshm Island (Zagros Basin) and Minab Region (Makran Basin): Paleoecology and TaphonomyFereshteh M. Haskoueihaskouei@gmail.com1Ali Bahramibahramigeoui@gmail.com2Mehdi YazdiMeh.yazdi@gmail.com3Department of Geology, University of Isfahanprofessor<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Lotus'; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Marine deposits of Mio-Pliocene in Qeshm Island and Minab region studied in terms of depositional paleoenvironment, and taphonomic features. Direstan and Kendaloo outcrops from Qeshm Island and Bemani and Sirik outcrops from Minab region (Gushi Marl), have huge number of oyster bars, along with balanoids, corals, bryozoans, ostracoda, foraminifera, etc. Bolivina spathulata from Bemani assemblages shows a low-oxygen marine environment of the shelf edge and upper slope around the late early Messinian (late Miocene), while Sirik outcrop, shows tidal to intertidal environments of Langhian time interval. The abundance of encrusting organisms (such as bryozoans) in Direstan and Bemani outcrops indicate shallow and nutritious marine environment with low energy and low sedimentation rate. Corals and ostreids (Hyotissa hyotis) with Textularia agglutinans, Elphidium and miliolids in the Direstan outcrop, indicate the inner shelf platforms with high oxygen connected to open marine environments. In Kendaloo, Crassostrea gryphoides and ichnogenus of Trypanites, indicate a high sedimentation rate of river estuary environments under the influence of tidal and intertidal flats.http://journal.ispg.ir/Article/48521Mishan Formation Minab Qeshm Island Makran Taphonomic featuresperISPGمجله زمین شناسی نفت ایران 2251-87382251-87382025-0314277689articleSystematic description, biostratigraphic significance, and paleoecology of pteropods in the Khangiran Formation type sectionMir Amir Salahiamir.salahi@maragheh.ac.ir1Abbas Ghaderiabbas.ghaderi@gmail.com2Maragheh uniersityFerdowsi university of Mashhad<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;">This study focuses on Eocene pteropods from the Kopet-Dagh sedimentary basin. Two genera and five species, including Heliconoides bartonensis (Curry 1965), Heliconoides mercinensis (Watelet and Lefèvre 1885), Heliconoides daguini (Cahuzac and Janssen 2010), Limacina cf. aegis and Limacina dzheroiensis (Janssen, King and Steurbaut, 2011), have been reported from the type section of the Khangiran Formation near Yaghol village in Dargaz, Khorasan Razavi province. The pteropod assemblage corresponds to the Early-Middle Eocene boundary. The presence of these assemblages indicates that the Khangiran Formation sedimentary succession was deposited in warm waters, above the aragonite saturation horizon, and within the outer neritic to continental slope paleobathymetric range. This study focuses on Eocene pteropods from the Kopet-Dagh sedimentary basin. Two genera and five species, including Heliconoides bartonensis (Curry 1965), Heliconoides mercinensis (Watelet and Lefèvre 1885), Heliconoides daguini (Cahuzac and Janssen 2010), Limacina cf. aegis and Limacina dzheroiensis (Janssen, King and Steurbaut, 2011), have been reported from the type section of the Khangiran Formation near Yaghol village in Dargaz, Khorasan Razavi province. The pteropod assemblage corresponds to the Early-Middle Eocene boundary. The presence of these assemblages indicates that the Khangiran Formation sedimentary succession was deposited in warm waters, above the aragonite saturation horizon, and within the outer neritic to continental slope paleobathymetric range.http://journal.ispg.ir/Article/48349Eocene pteropod Khangiran Formation Kopet-DaghperISPGمجله زمین شناسی نفت ایران 2251-87382251-87382025-03142790108articleAmonites of Kazhdumi in Shul Section, north of Shiraz, Zagros basin, paleoecological applicationSeyed Naser Raisossadatsnaser_rais@yahoo.co.uk1Mahnaz Parvaneh Nejad Shirazimahnaz402002@yahoo.com2Birjand universityDepartment of Geology, Payam Noor University, Tehran, IranKazhdami Formation is spread in Zagros basin and has two facies, shallow and deep. The studied section was located in the north of Shiraz near the village of Shul. The lithology of the measured section with 210 meters thickness including limestone, marly limestone and thin layer limestone. Four species Knemiceras persicum Collignon, 1981, Knemiceras aff. persicum Collignon, 1981, Knemiceras aff. iraniense Collignon, 1981, Knemiceras dubertreti Basse, 1940, were identified and described. Different ammonite morphogroups are distributed in the Kazhdumi Formation. Spheroconic ammonites with smooth or low ornamentation, mostly ribs, usually live at sea level and away from the coast spread in the west of basin and Dezful depression. Plano-spiral ammonites with coarse ornaments were poor swimmers and indicate a shallow depth basin. In the Shul section the ammonite assemblage with coarse ornamentation suggest a shallow environment that is supported with presence of benthic foraminifera assemblage.http://journal.ispg.ir/Article/47559Ammonite Albian Kazhdumi Formation Paleoecology Zagros Basin